The European Central Financial institution on Thursday raised rates of interest for a tenth consecutive — and maybe closing — time within the financial institution’s effort to power inflation down.

The financial institution lifted its three key rates of interest by 1 / 4 of a share level, elevating the deposit charge to 4 p.c, the very best within the central financial institution’s two-decade historical past.

“Inflation continues to say no however continues to be anticipated to stay too excessive for too lengthy,” Christine Lagarde, the president of the financial institution, stated on Thursday. Policymakers elevated charges to “to bolster progress” on reining in inflation, she stated.

However in a sign that the newest improve could be the closing one, Ms. Lagarde stated that she and her fellow policymakers think about that “rates of interest have reached ranges that, maintained for a sufficiently lengthy length, will make a considerable contribution to the well timed return of inflation to the goal.”

Thursday’s determination was seen as nearly a coin toss, because the policymakers weighed how a lot progress had been made on reducing inflation towards their willpower to not declare victory too early. Because the assembly approached, bets by traders in monetary markets tilted towards a barely increased likelihood that the financial institution would increase charges relatively than maintain them regular.

Inflation within the eurozone has slowed meaningfully from its double-digit peak final 12 months. Throughout that point, the central financial institution has launched into its most aggressive interval of financial coverage tightening, elevating charges from unfavorable ranges in July final 12 months to a document excessive.

However inflation stays nonetheless too excessive for the area’s policymakers, who’re tasked with returning the inflation charge to 2 p.c. Client costs rose 5.3 p.c in August in contrast with a 12 months earlier, the identical tempo because the earlier month and defying economists’ expectations for a slowdown due to a soar in gas costs. On the identical time, home inflationary pressures, which policymakers are watching intently, had been nonetheless robust. Core inflation, which strips out meals and power costs, was 5.3 p.c.

On Thursday, the central financial institution revealed new financial projections by its workers, which stated that inflation can be barely increased this 12 months and subsequent than forecast three months in the past due to increased power costs. In 2025, inflation can be simply above the financial institution’s goal and so policymakers have tried to put the bottom for a protracted interval of excessive rates of interest that might restrain the economic system additional. Already, demand for loans has weakened and banks are tightening their lending requirements.

Earlier charge will increase had been being “transmitted forcefully” into the economic system, MS. Lagarde stated in a information convention in Frankfurt. “Financing situations have tightened additional and are more and more dampening demand, which is a crucial consider bringing inflation again to focus on.”

And so, the financial institution additionally downgraded its forecasts for financial progress over the following three years, with the economic system rising simply 0.7 p.c this 12 months.

Earlier this week, the European Fee cuts its forecasts for the area’s economic system, projecting that the eurozone would develop 0.8 p.c this 12 months, down from a forecast of 1.1 p.c made 4 months in the past. The economic system would additionally develop extra slowly subsequent 12 months.

Germany, the area’s largest economic system, is stagnant as its industrial sector suffers below the burden of excessive rates of interest and different prices. Final month enterprise exercise fell at its quickest charge in additional than three years.

Amid this deteriorating financial outlook, merchants are betting that the central financial institution will begin to reduce rates of interest across the center of subsequent 12 months.

There are indicators of division among the many 26-member Governing Council of the central financial institution in regards to the path ahead. Inflation throughout the area ranges from 2.4 p.c in Spain and Belgium to 9.6 p.c in Slovakia.

Earlier this month, Klaas Knot, the pinnacle of the Dutch central financial institution, advised Bloomberg Information that markets had been underestimating the prospect of an interest-rate improve in September, and Peter Kazimir, the Slovak central financial institution’s chief, urged “another step.” However Mário Centeno, governor of Portugal’s central financial institution, warned of “overdoing” it.

Rates of interest can be set at “sufficiently restrictive ranges for so long as essential” sooner or later, Ms. Lagarde stated on Thursday, reiterating that choices can be made relying on the newest financial and monetary knowledge, inflation measures that seize home value pressures, and the power of financial coverage’s influence on the area’s economic system.